Poly(ethylene glycol)- and carboxylate-functionalized gold nanoparticles using polymer linkages: single-step synthesis, high stability, and plasmonic detection of proteins

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles with suitable surface functionalities have been widely used as a versatile nanobioplatform. However, functionalized gold nanoparticles using thiol-terminated ligands have a tendency to aggregate, particularly in many enzymatic reaction buffers containing biological thiols, because of ligand exchange reactions. In the present study, we developed a one-step synthesis of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)ylated gold nanoparticles using poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) in PEG as a polyol solvent. Because of the chelate effect of polymeric functionalities on the gold surface, the resulting PEGylated gold nanoparticles (Au@P-PEG) are very stable under the extreme conditions at which the thiol-monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles are easily coagulated. Using the solvent mixture of PEG and ethylene glycol (EG) and subsequent hydrolysis, gold nanoparticles bearing mixed functionalities of PEG and carboxylate are generated. The resulting particles exhibit selective adsorption of positively charged chymotrypsin (ChT) without nonselective adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The present nanoparticle system has many advantages, including high stability, simple one-step synthesis, biocompatibility, and excellent binding specificity; thus, this system can be used as a versatile platform for potential bio-related applications, such as separation, sensing, imaging, and assays.