Elicitation of innate immunity by a bacterial volatile 2-nonanone at levels below detection limit in tomato rhizosphere

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Title
Elicitation of innate immunity by a bacterial volatile 2-nonanone at levels below detection limit in tomato rhizosphere
Author(s)
Myoungjoo Riu; Man Su Kim; Soo-Keun Choi; S K Oh; Choong-Min Ryu
Bibliographic Citation
Molecules and Cells, vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 502-511
Publication Year
2022
Abstract
Bacterial volatile compounds (BVCs) exert beneficial effects on plant protection both directly and indirectly. Although BVCs have been detected in vitro, their detection in situ remains challenging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of BVCs detection under in situ condition and estimate the potentials of in situ BVC to plants at below detection limit. We developed a method for detecting BVCs released by the soil bacteria Bacillus velezensis strain GB03 and Streptomyces griseus strain S4-7 in situ using solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). Additionally, we evaluated the BVC detection limit in the rhizosphere and induction of systemic immune response in tomato plants grown in the greenhouse. Two signature BVCs, 2-nonanone and caryolan-1-ol, of GB03 and S4-7 respectively were successfully detected using the soil-vial system. However, these BVCs could not be detected in the rhizosphere pretreated with strains GB03 and S4-7. The detection limit of 2-nonanone in the tomato rhizosphere was 1 μM. Unexpectedly, drench application of 2-nonanone at 10 nM concentration, which is below its detection limit, protected tomato seedlings against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Our finding highlights that BVCs, including 2-nonanone, released by a soil bacterium are functional even when present at a concentration below the detection limit of SPME-GC-MS.
Keyword
2-nonanoneBacillus velezensisBacterial volatile compoundsCaryolan-1-olPlant growthpromoting rhizobacteriaSolid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography mass spectrometry
ISSN
1016-8478
Publisher
Korea Soc-Assoc-Inst
DOI
http://dx.doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2022.2009
Type
Article
Appears in Collections:
Division of Research on National Challenges > Infectious Disease Research Center > 1. Journal Articles
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