Evaluation of a biotin-based surrogate virus neutralization test for detecting postvaccination antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants in sera

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Title
Evaluation of a biotin-based surrogate virus neutralization test for detecting postvaccination antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants in sera
Author(s)
Min Ju Ahn; J A Kang; Su Min Hong; Kyu-Sun Lee; D H Kim; D Song; Dae Gwin Jeong
Bibliographic Citation
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 646, pp. 8-18
Publication Year
2023
Abstract
A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) was used to determine the degree of inhibition of binding between human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike protein by neutralizing antibodies in a biosafety level 2 facility. Here, to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the commercial sVNT, we developed a new biotin based sVNT using biotinylated RBD and HRP conjugated streptavidin instead of HRP conjugated RBD for direct detection in an ELISA assay that strongly correlated to the FDA approved cPass sVNT commercial kit (R2 = 0.8521) and pseudo virus neutralization test (R2 = 0.9006) (pVNT). The biotin based sVNT was evaluated in 535 postvaccination serum samples corresponding to second and third boosts of AZD1222 and BNT162b2 vaccines of the wild type strain. We confirmed that the neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants in second vaccination sera decreased after a median of 141.5 days. Furthermore, vaccination sera from BNT162b2-BNT162b2 vaccines maintained neutralizing antibodies for longer than those of AZD1222 only vaccination. In addition, both vaccines maintained high neutralizing antibodies in third vaccination sera against Omicron BA.2 after a median of 27 days, but neutralizing antibodies significantly decreased after a median of 141.5 days. Along with the cPass sVNT commercial kit, biotin based sVNTs may also be suitable for specifically detecting neutralizing antibodies against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants; however, to initially monitor the neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated sera using high throughput screening, conventional PRNT could be replaced by sVNT to circumvent the inconvenience of a long test time.
Keyword
SARS-CoV-2Surrogate virus neutralization testReceptor binding domainHuman angiotensin I converting Enzyme 2COVID-19 vaccineNeutralizing antibody
ISSN
0006-291X
Publisher
Elsevier
DOI
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.052
Type
Article
Appears in Collections:
Division of Research on National Challenges > Bionanotechnology Research Center > 1. Journal Articles
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