Sporosarcina jeotgali sp. nov., Sporosarcina oncorhynchi sp. nov., and Sporosarcina trichiuri sp. nov., isolated from Jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented seafood

Abstract

Three novel, Gram-stain-positive, obligate aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterial strains, designated B2O-1T, T2O-4T, and 0.2-SM1T-5T, were isolated from jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented seafood. Strains B2O-1T, T2O-4T, and 0.2-SM1T-5T exhibited distinct colony colors, characterized by pink, yellow, and red opaque circular colonies, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that three strains formed a paraphyletic clade within the genus Sporosarcina and shared < 99.0% similarity with Sporosarcina aquimarina KCTC 3840T and Sporosarcina saromensis KCTC 13119T in their 16S rRNA gene sequences. The three strains exhibiting Orthologous Average Nucleotide Identity values < 79.3% and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values < 23.1% within the genus Sporosarcina affirmed their distinctiveness. Strains B2O-1T, T2O-4T, and 0.2-SM1T-5T contained MK-7 as a sole respiratory menaquinone and A4α type peptidoglycan based on lysine with alanine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. The common polar lipids include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Strain T2O-4T contained one unidentified phospholipid, whereas strain 0.2-SM1T-5T contained two unidentified phospholipids. Cellular fatty acid profiles, with C15:0 anteiso as the major fatty acid, supported the affiliation of the three strains to the genus Sporosarcina. Based on the polyphasic characteristics, strains B2O-1T (= KCTC 43506T = JCM 36032T), T2O-4T (= KCTC 43489T = JCM 36031T), and 0.2-SM1T-5T (= KCTC 43519T = JCM 36034T) represent three novel species within the genus Sporosarcina, named Sporosarcina jeotgali sp. nov., Sporosarcina oncorhynchi sp. nov., and Sporosarcina trichiuri sp. nov., respectively.