Legal challenges for synthetic biology innovation = 합성생물학 혁신을 위한 법적 과제

Abstract

This study examines the need for legal and institutional frameworks to support the development of synthetic biology, focusing on key aspects and legal issues of the proposed Synthetic Biology Promotion Act. Synthetic biology merges science and technology, causing significant changes in socio-economic systems and industries. It holds potential as a core resource in sectors like alternative energy, pharmaceuticals, food, and chemicals. The urgency to secure competitiveness as an advanced platform technology lies in its capabilities for pre-design, optimization, and mass production. However, it is a dual-use technology with inherent risks, necessitating a vigilant approach that allows research while managing risks. Current laws do not fully reflect synthetic biology's characteristics and lag behind technological innovation and social change. There is a pressing need for a legal foundation that stimulates researchers' and companies' entrepreneurial spirit and formulates innovation policies. This study explores the concept and importance of synthetic biology, analyzes domestic policy directions and international trends, and reviews the proposed Synthetic Biology Promotion Act by Representative Jang Jae-won. The bill aims to strengthen global competitiveness and establish a legal framework for responsible technological development by promoting national-level synthetic biology research and fostering infrastructure. For the sustainable development and commercial success of synthetic biology, reinforcing policy support and legal frameworks is essential. This will maximize synthetic biology's innovative potential and lay the foundation for leading the bioeconomy era. Developing policies and legislation together is crucial for creating an environment where technological innovation can thrive.