PRMT1-mediated methylation regulates MLL2 stability and gene expression

Abstract

The interplay between multiple transcription factors precisely regulates eukaryotic transcription. Here, we report that the protein methyltransferases, MLL2/KMT2B and PRMT1, interact directly and act collectively to regulate gene expression. PRMT1 binds to the N-terminal region of MLL2, considered an intrinsically disordered region, and methylates multiple arginine residues within its RGG/RG motifs. Notably, overexpression of PRMT1 decreased poly-ubiquitylation of MLL2, whereas mutations on methylation sites in MLL2 increased MLL2 poly-ubiquitylation, suggesting that PRMT1-mediated methylation stabilizes MLL2. MLL2 and PRMT1 cooperatively stimulated the expression of a chromosomal reporter gene in a PRMT1-mediated, MLL2-methylation-dependent manner. RNA-seq analysis found that MLL2 and PRMT1 jointly regulate the expression of genes involved in cell membrane and extracellular matrix functions, and depletion of either resulted in impaired cell migration and invasion. Our study provides evidence that PRMT1-mediated MLL2 methylation regulates MLL2 protein stability and the expression of their target genes.