Comparative pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of Norfloxacin-glycine acetate in flounder, (Paralichthys olivaceus) at two different temperatures

Abstract

The pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin-glycine acetate (NFXGA), a newly formulated norfloxacin, was investigated in healthy flounders at two different seawater temperature (at 12°C and 20°C) varying concentrations (100 ppm and 10 ppm), using dipping administration. It was shown that the elimination half-life (T1,2) of norfloxacin at 20°C (10 ppm: 13.95 ± 1.18 hr, 100 ppm: 11.71 ± 1.32 hr) was significantly shorter than that at 12°C (10 ppm: 16.61 ± 1.47 hr, 100 ppm: 16.32 ± 1.19 hr) in flounders. Mean residence time (MRT) was calculated at 12°C (10 ppm: 194.87 ± 29.88 hr, 100 ppm: 1,222.37 ± 161.45 hr) and 20°C (10 ppm: 168.42 ± 25.85, 100 ppm: 606.14 ± 122.75 hr). Meanwhile, in the flounder tissue distribution of norfloxacin. It was shown that serum, muscle, kidney, and liver exhibited different elimination half-lives of norfloxacin.